The spread of digital technology into every area of life has caused the datafication of the economy and society, as the actions of people, companies, machines and even nature leave a lasting data footprint.
The foresight study “Data in the Future Society” aims to contribute to increasing the use of data in public governance and helping shape forward-looking and informed data policies. This project was commissioned by the Government Office and the Foresight Centre and carried out by LevelLab in cooperation with the Institute of Baltic Studies.
On the anniversary of the Republic of Estonia, 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. More than 5 million people have fled Ukraine since the war started, and by the middle of June some 43,000 of them had reached Estonia. It is inevitable that even if the war ends quickly, many of the people who have arrived in Estonia from Ukraine will remain here for a long time, and some of them will never return to their homeland. It is not currently possible to know though when the war will end, how many refugees would have reached Estonia by then, and whether they will be able to or will want to return to their homeland.
Higher education has a value for individuals, the economy, and the whole of society. People are motivated to invest in higher education because they expect greater welfare in the future through higher income and the better quality of life that that allows, and also intellectual enrichment and a more varied life.
The current report focuses on the future of higher education in Estonia. The importance of human capital in the knowledge economy has promoted the debates about the role, size, and financing of higher education to the core of academic and political debates.
Mobility and the options for mobility are tightly linked with how we live our lives. We move to go to work, to study or to make use of our leisure time. The future of mobility can be seen in the broadest sense of how and where people live their lives, or more narrowly as the day-to-day mobility choices made within the existing system.
The tax systems of developed countries are as a rule very stable and larger changes are made over a long time. However, the world does not stand still. Several trends are undermining tax bases and tax receipts, while an ageing population will need more to be spent on social security.
In this paper, we summarize the main developments of European countries’ tax systems, looking at both longer term trends as well as more significant reforms in recent years. We look at labour taxes (including the personal income tax and social security contributions), corporate income tax, consumption taxes, and property taxes.
The focus of the study is on how the tax system is used to achieve innovation, better health behaviour and a cleaner environment. In particular, we map interventions that seek to influence people on innovation, health and environmental matters through excise duties and taxes, and which (ideally) incorporate behavioural insights that help to achieve better results in terms of innovation, health and environmental goals. In addition, we examine what behavioural insights are built into the broader tax system (with the goal of improving tax compliance and collecting more tax revenue).
An independent think tank at the Riigikogu 